Group Postings

Group 1

Key Points

Bombing of Pearl Harbor

• Surprise attack by Japanese bombers; Dec 7, 1941; Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• Four hours after the attack, General Walter C. Short asked the Hawaiian governor Joseph Poindexter to declare marital law.
• Martial Law - the law temporarily imposed upon an area by state or national military forces when civil authority has broken down or during wartime military operations. Imposed military rule over a civilian population. Suspended the right of habeas corpus, or the written order that prevented unlawful arrest and detention.

Internment

• Japanese aliens and civilians alike were confined to Internment camps during the war.
• The government sought to destroy what little they could use as communication devices, as suspected to be helping the enemy.

Involvement and Effect of War

• Nisei - second generation Japanese
• Young nisei men joined into the military in order to prove their loyalty to Americans.
• Early 1942 about 150 Japanese-Americans joined the National Guard.
• Korematsu v. U.S. - Supreme Court; argument that Korematsu was a loyal citizen and the evacuation order had deprived him of his 5th amendment rights of liberty and prosperity without due processes of law.

Group 2

• technology- knowledge, skills, materials, and machinery
• Jones- costigan Act of 1934- passed by U.S., congress, classify HI as foreign producer
• Market- potential demand
• HI at disadvantage in mainland sugar market:

1) long, costly trip around cap Horn(panama canal) for raw sugar

2) expensive charge by American sugar refining co.

3) Claus spreckless, CA's sugar king discriminate against them in west coast market Annex cooperates

• stock- ownershare shares in cooperation
• pineapple become the second large industry in Hawaii
• unify policies an labor, legislation and scientific research

Group 3

KEY POINTS

-A lot of strikes were held in 1890 and 1925

-Most strikes were unsuccessful

1924 - High Wages Movement (labor group) and the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association (representing the planters) stated positions on wages, hours, and working conditions

- High Wages Movement declare a strike. Unsuccessful in 10 months.

Wagner Plan was created in 1935

-also known as the National Labor Restrictions Act

-gave workers the right of collective bargaining but was only to industrial workers not agricultural workers

1935 the Hawaii Employment Registrations Act also known as the Little Wagner

-gave the right to collective bargaining to agricultural workers

Group 4

Intro

• annexation was in 1898
  
• lost land through adverse possession
• homesteading:using public land for farms and homes
• 1920,U.S. congress passed the hawaiian homes commission act to provide hawaiians with land for farming and ranching
• hawaiian homes commission act was amended in 1923
• hawaiian home commission act still exists
• success and future of homesteading programs are still being debated

Rehabilitation

• hawaiian homes commission act designated 200,000 acres of land as hawaiian land
• land was given out by the hawaiian homes commission
• Prince Kuhios plan was to return to the land
• hawaiians could apply for 3 types of land(agricultural, residential, pastoral)
• Nanakuli was a homestead on Oahu

Kuhio

• would get help from the republican party
• oligarchy-gov. controlled by a small group of people
• Prince Kuhio was sort of like the voice of the hawaiian people
• republican party needed him to maintain political control of the territorial legislature

A Matter of Trust

• public trust-one set to benefit the public
• breach of trust-willfull contrary to the terms of the tryst
• hawaii sometimes used homestead land without paying for it
• 28,000 acres of land was returned to the department of hawaiian home lands in 1984
• DLNR was allowed to lease hawaiian land to non-hawaiians
• inventory of hawaiian homelands should total to 203,500

Hawaiian Homelands Use

• Hawaii 107,981
• Kauai 18,569
• Maui 28,995
• Molokai 25,401
• Oahu 6,651

Acquiring a Homestead in Hawaii

• 50% Hawaiian to get land
• show proof by parents and ancestors
• leased $1 in 99 years
• equity-financial interest in property
• $10 million set aside for down-payments
• 8,500 qualified for hawaiian land
• 28,000 people were on the waiting list

Group 5

-life on the plantation was difficult, the exposure of sun, excessive amount of work, get up early, lunas making them work faster and faster.

-children had education and had to walk two hours to get to school

-had to budget their spending money because all the things they buy come out of their husband's paycheck.

Education in hawaii:

-haole teachers (some) have respect for asian students

-language schools (most popular was Japanese)

-WWII marked the end for Japanese schools, Buddhist temples, and Shinto Shrines

English Standard Schools:

-the system separated children in school by their ability to read, write and speak english

-English schools did separation to protect English speakers from pidgin speakers

-discrimination on race in the language school, was sometimes separated according to what their ethnicity was

-WWII disrupted schooling at all levels in Hawaii

-Wilfred Tsukiyama was the first to win the scholarship started Prince Fushimi which he gave $200 for "money for sake and fish"

Group 6

Who came to Hawai'i? And why?

Immigration to Hawai'i by Major Ethinic Groups 1855-1930

	Most	Number	Least	Number	Total
Chinese	1880-1884	15,305	1860-1864	53	43,379
Japanese	1905-1909	47,440			86,712
Portuguese	1880-1884	8,872			16,318
Spanish	1910-1914	5,430			7,733
Korean	1905-1909	5,009			8,316
Filipino	1920-1924	31,849			103,795
Other	1910-1914	3,394			12,884
Total	1905-1909	59,098	1860-1864	53	376,652

section two main point...

What was plantation life like?

• there was filipino, japanese. porto rican, portugee, korean, kanaka, and chinese

• luna, book-keeper, sugar-boiler, store-keeper, time-keeper, chemist, clerk, machinist, boss, and boss'missus

• workers had to sleep at 8 PM and wake up at 5 AM

• agenda...

• breakfast (a cup of rice)
• work for 10 hours
• eat supper, take their baths, relaxe till bed...